Kasargod

The Mahaganapathy Temple at Madhur near Kasaragod is a well known place of worship. The temple has unique style of architecture.

The large fort at Chandragiri nearby is also a place worth to visit. This fort was built in the 17^th century by Shivappa Nayaka of Bedanore. Nearby situated are the ancient Kizhur Sastha Temple and one mosque.

ANANTHAPURA

Ananthapura, 12 km north-east of Kasargod town, is known for its lake temple. This holy temple is believed to be the original seat (‘moolasthanam’) of Anantha Padmanabha of Sree Padmanabha Swamy Temple at Thiruvananthapuram.

BEKAL FORT

The Bekal fort is 10 km south of Kasaragod town. The fort has been under the care of the Archaeological Survey of India since the time of the British.

Bekal Fort, which is about 350 years old, is the largest fort in Kerala. It is proposed to be developed into a tourist complex. This magnificent fort which is nearly 16 hectares in extent virtually juts into the sea with a beautiful bay on its southern side. The fortifications of the semi-circular construction with an imposing frontage is still intact as an architectural monument. Sivappa Naik of the Ikkeri dynasty is said to have built the fort between 1645-16660. But some other historians are of the opinion that the fort was built by the then north Kerala rulers, the Kolathiri Rajas. Sivappa Naik of Bednore captured the fort when the Kolathiri Raja stopped paying tributes to him. Later, the fort fell into the hands of Hyder Ali and later into his son, Tipu Sultan. With the over throw of Tipu Sultan, Bekal was incorporated into the dominions of the English East India Company in 1799. A mosque and a Hanuman temple are located at the entrance of the fort as a symbol of religious harmony. The facade of the high walls with the battlement and the entire structure of the fort are architecturally commendable. There is a large tower in the middle of the fort at a height of 10 meters and with a circumference of 27 m. From this tower, one can see the entire fort and the sea on the west and the lush green valleys on the east and the undulating blue mountains. The fort must have been built with a view to spotting enemy vessels afar in the high seas. The waves lashing against its many extensions jutting into the water for years have not caused any serious damage. Neither time nor the mighty waves have dimmed the magnificence of the Bekal fort. Peeping through its ancient moss covered cannon holes, one can see the Arabian sea shimmering in the sun and stretching into the horizon in all its varying moods.

KANHANGAD

The Chuliyar Bhagavathy Temple here is a popular place of worship. ‘Thirayattu Utsavam’ of this temple acquires special significance because of the different types of Theyyam performances.

NILESWAR

Nileswar is an important cultural centre. The Nileswar Rajas were patrons of art and culture. There is a Folklore centre of the Kerala Archaeological Department in the Palace of the Nileswar Rajas.

MAHE

Mahe is part of the Union Territory of Pondicherry. It is about 25 km south of Kannur and 60 km north of Kozhikode. Karaikal, Mahe, Yanam and Pondicherry were once FRENCH Territories. Mahe is a brisk trade centre of foreign liquor as the price is comparatively lower than the price in the neighboring areas of Kerala state.

KANNUR

PARASSINIKADAVU

Parassinikadavu on the banks of the river Valapattanam is 18 km away from Kannur. It is here the well known Sri Muthappan Temple and the Snake Park are located.

THE SNAKE PARK AT PARASSINIKADAVU

The park aims at preserving and conserving snakes from extinction. There are king cobras. Spectacled cobras, monosialed cobras, pythons and non-poisonous snakes kept in pits and glass cases.

SRI MUTHAPPAN TEMPLE

The presiding deity of this popular temple is Muthappan, the reincarnation of Lord Shiva. This is the only temple in the state where Theyyam, the ritual dance form is performed daily. Another distinguishing feature of the temple is its unusual ritual of offering fish and toddy to the deity. Kathakali is also performed at the temple by the Kathakali Club on request.

THALIPARAMBU

Thaliparambu, about 20 km north-east of Kannur, is famous for its Thiruchambaram Vishnu Temple dedicated to Lord Maha Vishnu. This temple, which dates back to the 10^th century, is an example of medieval temple architecture.

EZHIMALA

The Ezhimala hills are about 55 km north of Kannur. The hills are having some rare medicianal herbs used for Ayurvedic formulations. The scenic hills and the sandy beach below make Ezhimala a popular picnic spot. Ezhimala has gained a prominent place in the map of India with the proposed Naval Academy here.

THALASSERI

Thalasseri (Tellicherry) is a small town about 20km. south of Cannanore (Kannur) from where most of India’s circus artistes come. The gymnastic tradition was introduced in school here by German missionaries.

Rev. Dr. Herman Gundert who compiled the first Malayalam Dictionary spent a lifetime around Tellicherry in his educational and literary work. He also built a church on Nettur Hill in 1889.

Wayanad

KALPETTA

Kalpetta, the district Headquarters, had once been the strong hold of the Jains. The famous Ananthanatha swami Jain Temple at Puliyarmala is nearby.

MANANTHAVADI

Situated on the Western Ghats, Mananthavadi is a small town of historical importance. It was here Pazhassi Raja breathed his last and cremated with full militaryhonours. The tomb of this great ruler and the park in his memory can be seen here.

THIRUNELLI

This beautiful scenic spot is 42 km from Mananthavadi. The panoramic view of the Brahmagiri hills offers an idyllic charm to the enchanting nature around. Thirunelli is not only a beautiful spot but also famous for the Maha Vishnu Temple here. It is popularly known as the ‘Kasi of the South’. It is believed that the idol of Vishnu in the temple was installed by Brahma himself. Waters in the Papanasini river here is said to have mystical powers. It is also believed that bathing in the river will wash away one’s sins.

SULTAN’S BATTERY

Located in the high ranges about 100 km from Kozhikode, Sultan’s Battery is a town of historical importance. Formerly known as Ganapathyvattom, it is named after Tipu Sultan of Mysore who built here a Fort in the 18^th century. It is the nearest town to the Kerala- Karnataka border.

EDAKKAL CAVES

These Caves are natural rock cut-out formations, formed by a large split in a huge rock roofed over by other large rocks, all fixed in position through natural processes. These caves have been made famous world-wide for their ancient carvings and pictorial wall inscriptions of human and animal figures with peculiar head-dresses and swastik forms and symbols. Archaeologists say the place was one of the earliest centres of human habitation

These caves are seen in the Ambukuthy mountains which is located in between Sulthan Battery and Ambalavayal. The caves contain several paintings and pictorial writings of the New Stone Age civilization which speak volumes of the bygone life and civilization.

LAKKADI & POOKOT LAKE

Lakkadi in Wayanad is one of the places in the world having the highest rainfall. The place is of great scenic beauty with streams, luxuriant vegetation and picturesque hills. Pookot Lake is only 3 km from Lakkadi. This wide and deep natural fresh water lake is one of the rare reservoirs of water in the district. Surrounded on all sides with trees and meadows, this is a favourite haunt of the tourists in the Malabar region.

KOTTAMUNDA

Kottamunda is on the slope of Vellarimala, which is 20 km from Kalpetta, the Headquarters of Wayanad district. The place acquires significance because of the Glass Temple here. This temple is dedicated to Parswanatha Swami, the third Thirthankara of the Jain Faith. The mirrors inside the temple walls reflect in thousands of beautiful image patterns of the icons in the temple sanctum sanctorum

MANANTHAVADI

On the Western Ghats of Kerala, Mananthavadi lies South East of Kannur, at a height of about 500 m. It is historically important as the last resting-place of Pazhassi Raja. He was cremated here with full military honours. The tomb of Pazhassi Raja and the park in his memory are reminders of this great ruler.

CHEMBRA HILL STATION

This is a very beautiful spot close to the Western Ghats. The Chembra peak lying at an altitude of 2100 meters above sea level is the highest peak in North Kerala. The Chembra Hills and the adjacent Meppadi hills are accessible from Kalpetta. The entire region is quite picturesque with tea plantations and a variety of flora and fauna and some wild life in the jungles. At the top of the Chembra Peak, there is a lake that has never been dry. It is a delightful spot for the trekkers as well as for the nature lovers.

WAYANAD WILDLIFE SANCTUARY

<!--[if !vml]--><!--[endif]-->The Wayanad Wildlife Sanctuary is 16 km east of Sultan’s Battery. This sanctuary of more than 344 sq. km of remote rainforest is adjacent to the Bandipur National Park in Karnataka and the Mudumalai Sanctuary in Tamilnadu. This sanctuary is also called by the name Muthanga Wildlife Sanctuary.

KOZHIKODE

KOZHIKODE

Kozhikode is an ancient port endowed with a pleasant geography and echoing with an ancient history. Kozhikode was a major power in North Kerala during the medieval period. The rulers of Kozhikode were known as the Zamorins who were among the most cultured and accomplished rulers of Kerala. Under the patronage of the Zamorins, Kozhikode developed into a major seaport on the coast of Kerala. The Zamorins declared Kozhikode as a free port where even foreign ships could call at any time and enjoy the facilities provided for taking fresh water or for reinforcing depleted provisions. The helpful attitude of the Zamorins coupled with their reputation as fair minded monarchs attracted foreigners to Kozhikode. It was the landing of Vasco da Gama in 1498 that marked the beginning of a new epoch in the history of Kerala. It was off the Kappakkadu coast ( now known as the Kappad Beach), some 20 km north of Kozhikode that his fleet anchored. The Portuguese captain was then taken to the Zamorin’s palace where he was received with traditional hospitality. With the landing of Vasco da Gama dawned a period of continuous conflict of foreign powers for domination of the trade in Malabar and thus it opened a a new chapter in the history of India.

THE KAPPAD BEACH

It was here Vasco da Gama, the Portuguese navigator, landed on 27 May 1498, a landing commemorated by a small stone monument at the beach. He was the first European to reach India. Kappad has already found a place in the tourism map of the country. The beach here is a long stretch of golden sand fringed by fronds of swaying coconut palms and lush greenery as far as the eyes can see. The tranquil sea on this secluded beach creates a pensive mood. Two rocky promontories, lying between far away jotting out into the sea , have created a beautiful bay of calm waters. There is also an ancient temple on the hillock facing the sea. The shimmering waters and the exquisite scenery all around with the native fishing crafts sailing by provides the experience of a life time.

THE MOTHER OF GOD CATHEDRAL

It is the Headquarters of the Latin Catholic congregation in Malabar. Built in the Goethic style, the church is a tribute to the beauty of Italian architecture and the skill of Indian craftsmen. It is said that Italian architects were brought to Kozhikode to design the church. The church is a mute witness to the chequered history that followed the landing of Vasco da Gama at Kappad when the flood gates of the Indian shores were opened to European navigators. History has it that the Zamorin, who had encountered the Portuguese in many a conflict, was himself the donor of the land on which the church stands today.

PAZHASSIRAJA MUSEUM

This archaeological museum in the city of Kozhikode displays ancient mural paintings, antique bronzes, old coins, models of temples, megalithic monuments like dolmonoid cysts, umbrella stones etc.

KALLAI

Kallai by the banks of the river Kallai, 6 km from Kozhikode, is famous for timber business. Once it was the largest trading centre of timber in the Asian continent.

DOLPHIN’S POINT

This beach in the city is a long stretch of tree-lined sand. The Lions Club Park, the Light House and the two piers are here. In the early hours of the morning dolphins can be seen playing in the sea.

ART GALLERY

The Art Gallery in the City, near the Pazhassiraja Museum, have paintings of Raja Ravi Varma and Raja Raja Varma.

BEYPORE

Beypore, 11 km from Kozhikode, has been for centuries a famous center for ship building. The country crafts called ‘URU’ built by the traditional ship builders here known as Khalasis are famous the world over.

THIRUVANGOOR

It is famous for the Sree Mahaganapathy Temple, dedicated to Lord Ganapathy. The annual festival ‘Sivaratri Utsavam’ here lasts for two days. Cultural and ritual art forms are performed all night during the festival. The ritual festival Theyyam is performed on the second day. It is watched by a large gathering of devotees who in the end receive ‘blessings in person’ from the ‘Theyyam’.

Tourist information can be had from the KTDC Hotel (Tourist Office), Malabar Mansion, Kozhikode, District Tpourism Promotion Council, Railway Station.

BADAGARA

Badagara, 48 km from Kozhikode, is a centre of martial arts. It is the birth place of Thacholi Othenan whose heroic deeds have been immortalized in the ballads of North Malabar.

VELLARIMALA

This pristine spot endowed with the beauty of nature is in the hilly reaches of Kozhikode district. This place is ideal for relaxing and trekking. The Kanjirapuzha, a tributary of the Chaliyar river, flowing along the rocky terrain forms attractive waterfalls here and there.

THUSHARAGIRI

This tribal tourist spot is 50 km east of Kozhikode and 5 km from Adivaram on the Kozhikode-Mysore State Highway. Two streams originating from the Western Ghats meet here to form the Chalippuzha river. The river diverges into three waterfalls creating a snowy spray which gives the name, ‘Thuzharagiri’. Of the three, the highest waterfall is the Thenpara that falls 75 meteres below.

Malappuram

The district of Malappuram, once part of the erstwhile Malabar region, was carved out of the districts of Kozhikode and Palakkad in 1969. The Headquarters of the district is Malappuram town.

Kottakkal

This small town, 12 km south-west of Malappuram, in Malappuram district is a renowned centre for Ayurvedic medical treatment. Kottakkal Aryavaidyasala (Ph:91-0493-742244) here, founded in 1902 by Vaidyaratnam P. S. Warrier is one of the best known Ayurvedic centres in Kerala popularising the traditional Ayurvedic medical treatment.

Tirur

The birth place of Thunchath Ramanujan Ezhuthachan, now called Thunchan Parambu, is in Tirur. It is the hallowed ground where hundreds of Malayalee children are initiated into the wonders of writing when they first trace the letters of the Malayalam alphabet in sand taken from that revered spot.

The important works of Ezhuthachan are Adhyatma Ramayanam and Adhyatma Bharatham which is widely recited in Kerala homes. Young poets of Kerala come on that day to offer their first poem. A Nuxvomica tree at the Thunchan Parambu is a surprise to any one because its leaves are not bitter.

Tanur

This coastal fishing town was one of the earliest settlements of the Portuguese. It is believed that St. Francis Xavier visited the place in 1546 and converted the local Chieftain to Christianity. Keraladesapuram Temple dedicated to Lord Vishnu near here is one of the oldest temples in Kerala.

Nilambur

The world’s oldest teak plantation called ‘Canolly’s Plot’ is in the Nilambur Forest area. The forest is also well known for its bamboos. The Cholanaickans living in the Nilambur forests are among the oldest aboriginal tribes of Kerala.

Palakkad

Palakkad district provides the passage to the state of Kerala from the other parts of India through a natural gap at the Western Ghats. In the 960 km long Western Ghats, this gap forms the most influential factor in the unique characteristics of this district. It has contributed immensely to the cultural and commercial exchanges between Kerala and the neighboring states. The plains in the district are so fertile and productive that it is called the granary of the state. The second longest river of Kerala, Bharathapuzha flows through the state. Unlike the state’s longest river Periyar, it is shallow and rocky, but holds a unique place in the cultural psyche of the state.

PALAKKAD TOWN

This is the Headquarters of the district. The most important attraction in the town is the Fort, which dates back to 1766, built by Hyder Ali of Mysore. In 1784 after a siege which lasted for eleven days, the British Colonel Fullerton stormed the Fort. Later it fell into the hands of the Zamorin’s troops, but was recaptured by the British in 1790. This well-preserved Fort is also known as Tipu's Fort.

SILENT VALLEY NATIONAL PARK

This National Park is 80 km. from Palakkad. It is popularly known as the evergreen forest and noted for its eerie silence because of the lack of cicadas. It is an important biosphere reserve in the Western Ghats and Home of the tribal people. The Valley known for the rare lion-tailed macaque. This National Park is a protected area for tigers also.

KILLIKURUSSIMANGALAM

Killikurissimangalam at Lakkidi is the birth palce of Kunjan Nambiar. This famous Malayalam poet was the exponent of Ottanthullal, a traditional solo dance.

MANGALAM DAM

The Mangalam Dam is constructed on the Cherukunnapuzha, a tributary of the river Mangalam. The reservoir fringes on the forest area where there are wildlife like deer, elephants and a variety of birds. The entire area is quite fascinating with beautiful parks, lawns and statues.

ATTAPPADY

Attappady is an extensive mountain valley above the crest of the Ghat ranges with several rivulets of the river Bhavani. The area is dominated by the tribal people.

NELLIAMPATHY

Nelliampathy, about 80 km from Palakkad, is a hill station in the Nelliampathy forest ranges. This forest range constitutes a series of ridges cut off from one another by valleys of dark evergreen forests

PARAMBIKULAM WILD LIFE SANCTUARY

The Parambikulam Wildlife Sanctuary, sprawling over 285 sq. km., is 135 km from Palakkad and adjacent to the Annamalai Wildlife Sanctuary in Tamil Nadu. Besides being an abode of elephants, wild boar, sambar, bison, guar, crocodiles, and a few tigers and panthers, it has rich diversity of flora and fauna. Treking in the forest is allowed with prior permission. Boating can be done at the lake. The Cannimare Teak Tree, which is said to be Asia’s largest, is here near Thunakadavu.

MALAMPUZHA DAM

It is a large irrigation dam built on the river, Bharathapuzha at the base of the hills of the Western Ghats. The beautiful gardens, the amusement Park for the children, the boating facility on the reservoir etc. make Malampuzha a paradise for the tourists. This important tourist spot is easily accessible from Palakkad.

PUNARJANI GUHA

The Punarjani Guha is a natural tunnel 15 meters long in the rocky cliff. It is situated 2 km from the Thiruvilwamala Temple and the chief presiding deity is Sri Rama. The idol is believed to be ‘swayamboo’ ie. born on its own. It is believed that by performing ‘noozhal’ or crawling through the tunnel from one end to the other will wash away all of one’s sins and thus attain rebirth. Only men are allowed to do the ‘noozhal’ and women can only visit the cave. This ritual is practised only one day in a year on Guruvayur Ekadashi.

IDUKKI

The scenic beauty of Idukki is unique in every respect. It has nothing to boast of the rise and fall of dynasties, but it has housed a flourishing civilization. The Mangaladevi Temple dedicated to Kannaki of ancient Tamil literature, Marayur Caves known as ‘Muniyaras’ with ancient cave paintings, Muthalakkudam Church built in the 13^th century, Minar mosque built by Vadakkumkoor Rajas etc speak volumes of the civilization that flourished in Idukki. PAINAVU is the district Headquarters.

THE IDUKKI ARCH DAM

The gigantic 780 MW Hydroelectric project is built on the river Periyar, which is flowing through a gorge between two massive mountains called Kuravan Mala and Kurathi Mala. The arch dam is built at this gorge. The Idukki Profect consists of three dams-the 550 feet high arch dam, 454 feet high Cheruthony dam and the Kulamavu dam. This double curvature arch dam is the second highest in India and an engineering marvel.

Cheruthoni is the area around the Idukki and Cheruthoni dams. Boats are available for the two-hour cruise between Cheruthoni and Kulamavu.

THE HILL TOWN OF MUNNAR

Munnar is 130 km south- east of Kochi. Situated at an altitude ranging from 1600 to 1800 meters above sea level, Munnar is surrounded by some of the world's highest tea growing estates. This Hill Station presents south India’s most enchanting mountain scenery. With its craggy peaks, sprawling evergreen tea estates and tranquil rustic atmosphere, Munnar is a delightful alternative to the better known hill stations of Tamil Nadu.Once Munnar had been the favourite summer resort of the European settlers for centuries.

THATTEKKAD BIRD SANCTUARY

This bird sanctuary in Devikulam Taluk is 20 km from Kothamangalam on the Ernakulam – Munnar Road. This 25 sq. km. Sanctuary is formed between the branches of the river Periyar. The vegetation here consists of tropical evergreen, semi-evergreen moist deciduous forests and plantations of teak, rosewood, mahagony etc. The sanctuary is home to the Malabar grey hornbills, woodpeckers, parakeets, falcons and rare species such as Sri Lankan frogmouth and rose-billed roller. There are boat cruises available from Bhoothathankettu to Thattekkad.

To stay and dine: There are a few hotels at Kothamangalam and an Inspection Bungalow at Bhoothathankettu.

MATTUPETTY

Maatupetty, situated at an altitude of 1700 meters above sea level, is 13 km away from Munnar. The Indo-Swiss Dairy Project is here. The green meadows, the cattle, the rose garden etc. is an attraction for the tourists.

ERAVIKULAM-RAJAMALAI WILDLIFE SANCTUARY

This National Park is home to the largest population of Nilgiri Tahr (a type of mountain goat) existing in the world now, and barking deer, giant Malabar squirrel, sambar, gaur, wolf etc. The highest peak of Kerala, the Anamudi in the southern part of this park provides a magnificent spectacle. A variety of plant life is also present here. The well known medicinal plant ‘Neelakurinji’ is among the rarer species found here. This park is 135 km from Ernakulam and 16 km from Munnar.

THE HILL SATTION OF PEERUMEDU

This small hill station is on the way to Thekkady. It is amidst rubber, tea, coffee and cardamom plantations.

PERIYAR WILD LIFE SANCTUARY

The Periyar Wild Life Sanctuary at Thekkady is a 777 sq. km reserve on the western slopes of the Western Ghats is the most popular wild life sanctuary. A pleasant place to escape from the madding crowds of the cities and towns, a nice place to cruise on the lake, a place to enjoy a jungle walk with an opportunity to see the wild animals. The park is home to antelopes, bison, sambar, wild boar, elephants and a wide variety of birds in addition to tigers and leopards. The journey to Thekkady itself is quite enchanting as the road winds through tranquil countryside, green plantations and thick jungles.

A study of the Periyar Tiger Reserve conducted by the Kerala Forest Research Institute has revealed the richness of diversity of the park. The reserve was found to have some 1965 species of plants signifying that it is easily among the richest areas in plant variety in the world. A parallel could be drawn only with the Agasthyamala region where 3800 species of plants were recorded. The high degree of endemism exhibited by the Reserve makes it all the more important from the point of view of biodiversity conservation. About 150 species of plants which have been placed under various threat categories by the World Conservation Union, have been identified from the Reserve.

The park encompasses a 26 sq. km artificial lake created by the British in1895. The sanctuary offers an enchanting view of the wild life by taking a boat trip in the lake. Jungle walks can also be interesting. The best time to visit the sanctuary is between September and May.

There is a Wildlife Information Centre at Thekkady which is inside the park. The nearest town is Kumily (4 km from the lake) on the Kerala –Tamil Nadu border. Kumily is a 4 hour bus journey from Kottayam [110 km].

MANGALADEVI TEMPLE

Near Thekkady. It provides a magnificent view of the ruined temple The Mangaladevi Temple is dedicated to Kannaki of ancient Tamil literature

KOTTAYAM

PLACES OF ATTRACTION

St. MARY’S CHURCH

The St. Mary’s Church, known as Valiya Palli, in the town was built in 1550 A. D. It is famous for its 8^th century Persian Cross with the Pahlavi inscription on it. Near to this Valia Palli is situated the Cheriya Palli (St. Mary’s Church) which was built in 1579 A. D. It houses some murals and paintings depicting Biblical and other themes.

THE THIRUNAKKARA MAHADEVA TEMPLE

This ancient temple in the town is a sacred place of worshipn for the Hindus. There are some wall paintings. The annual temple festival (March/April) attracts a large number of people.

MANNANAM

It is 8 km from Kottayam. It is an important Syrian Christian centre. There is St. Joseph’s Monastery, which is associated with Fr. Kuriakose, one of the saintly figures of the Syrian Catholic Church of Kerala. One can also see here one of the oldest Printing Presses in the state- the St. Joseph’s Press which printed ‘Nasrani Deepika’, one of the oldest newspapers in Kerala.

DAKSHINA MOOKAMBIKA TEMPLE

This temple, which is 10 km from Kottayam on the way to Changanacherry, is a famous one dedicated to Goddess Saraswathy. The Navaratri festival here attracts quite a fascinating crowd.

KUMARAKOM BIRD SANCTUARY

It is 16 km. west of Kottayam on the Vembanad lake. The Sanctuary teems with local waterfowls and over wintering migratory birds such as the Siberian stroks. Boats are available for backwater cruises in the lake. To stay and dine: Taj Garden Retreat, Kumarakam Tourist Village, Coconut Lagoon Heritage Resort etc.

St.MARY’S FERONA CHURCH

This church at Athirampuzha near Ettumanur is famous for its annual 8 day feast known as ‘Athirampuzha Nercha’, which attracts a large number of devotees from all over Kerala.

LORD SHIVA TEMPLE AT ETTUMANUR

This ancient temple, which is 17 km away from Kottayam, is a famous place of worship. There are mural paintings of high order and beautiful sculpture of intricate workmanship inside the temple.

BHARANANGANAM

It is an important Christian pilgrimage centre where the mortal remaints of Sister Alphonsa (1916-1946) was interned in a chapel next to the St. Mary’s Church. This 1000- year old church features an attractive Grotto of Virgin Mary.

VAIKKOM

Vaikkom, 40 km away from Kottayam, is historically a famous town situated on the eastern bank of the expansive Vembanad lake. It was once the capital of the erstwhile kingdom of Vadakkumkur. The ancient Mahadeva Temple dedicated to Lord Shiva here has carried its name far and near. The Mahadeva Temple at Vaikkom is a sacred place of worship. According to legend, It was constructed by Parasurama, the mythological creator of Kerala. The 12 day ‘Ashtami’ festival here (November/December) is renowned for its elephant processions, religious discourses, and traditional dance and music performances.

Vaikkom is also famous for the ‘Vaikkom Sathyagraha’, which aimed at throwing the temple doors open to the Harijans. Though it started in 1924 as a movement for social reforms, it later snowballed into a major agitation, which sought to remove the bane of untouchability. It all began when some people protested against the practice of preventing people belonging to the lower castes (the ‘avarnas’) from using the roads surrounding the temple. The agitators did not belong to one particular class or community. They were from both lower castes and upper castes. One of the dramatic moments of the agitation was the ‘savarna jatha’ led by Mannath Padmanabhan. A number of upper caste Hindus rallied behind him and proceeded to Thiruvananthapuram, then the capital of the erstwhile kingdom of Travancore. They submitted a memorandum of demands to the Regent Maharani Sethu Lakshmi Bai. The Vaikkom Sathyagraha and the Savarna Jatha helped to influence public opinion in favour of throwing open the doors of the temple to all. The struggle continued for nearly 20 months. Finally, the intervention of Mahatma Gandhi in 1925 brought the curtain down on the struggle. The approach roads to the temple were thrown open to all Hindus irrespective of caste. In the wake of this, similar movements for social justice were organized in different parts of Travancore. Finally the Maharaja of Travancore, His Highness Sri Chithira Thirunal Bala Rama Varma issued the historic Temple Entry Proclamation on 12 November 1936.

KOOTTICKAL, VADAKEMALA AND PANCHALIMEDU

Koottickal and Vadakemala are in the Western Ghats near Mundakkayam. Koottickal is a beatiful place blessed with the mountain forests and the artificial lake created by the Chek-dam on the Manimala river. Amruthamedu, a place famous for medicinal plants, is nearby. The famous pilgrim centre Erumeli is 12 km away from here.

VAGAMON

Vagamon is situated at an elevation of 1100 metres above sea level. It is about 60 km from Kottayam and 30 km from Pala. The Kurishumala hill and the small church atop and the nearby Kurishumala Ashramam are immportant attractions here.The Kurishumala Ashramam is a monastery of Christian ascetics who follow the Christian faith along the Indian spiritual traditions and the Gandhian thought. Vagamon is a popular spot for trekkers also.

ELAVEEZHAPOONCHIRA

Formed of mountain ranges and rocky cliffs, Elaveezhapoonchira is on the eastern periphery of Kottayam district. This picnic spot is located in the midst of beautiful hillocks. It has preserved the pristine beauty of nature intact. The famous ancient mosque at Thazhathangadi near Thalikottah Palace is another attraction. Elavvezhapoonchira is a seven km trek from Kanjiramkavala, which is some 15 km from Thodupuzha or you can reach the place by getting down at Kanjar, which is 16 km away from Moolamattom and then some 7 km by jeep to Chakkikavu and from there a 2 km walk to the foot hills and then climb the hill.

SRI SANKARA AYURVEDA VAIDYASALA

The Sri Sankara Ayurveda Vaidyasala at Perunna in Changanacherry is a famous centre for medical treatment. The service of specialist doctors are available for chronic diseases like arthritis, facial palsy, various spinal diseases and other debilitating diseases are successfully treated here. Special treatments like Pizhichil, Navarakkizhi, ilakkizhi, and Panchakarma treatments are available. The centre is so famous that even foreigners go there for medical treatment.

SRI VALLABHA TEMPLE AT THIRUVALLA

This famous place of worship is 35 km south of Kottayam on the rail /road between Thiruvananthapuram and Ernakulam. This temple is famous for the traditional KATHAKALI performances conducted almost every night of the year.

Pathanamthitta

ARANMULA: It is 10 km away from Chengannur on the Thiruvananthapuram-Kottayam route. It is a little temple town in Pathanamthitta District, surrounded by undulating green hillocks and girdled by the holy river Pampa. Its rural outskirts form part of the ‘Kozhencherry Gulf Belt’ and the modern concrete houses that one sees all around bear testimony to the affluence brought to the area by the Gulf boom. Aranmula is famed for its hand-made mirrors of polished metal called ‘Aranmula Kannadi’. Aranmula is also a popular pilgrim center with its Lord Krishna Temple and the annual snake boat races held in connection with the temple festival during August-September,

THE UTHIRITTATHI BOAT RACE : A visit to the banks of the river Pampa at Aranmula on the day of the Uthirittathi Boat Race, which falls in early September, is a pleasurable experience. This boat race brings out all that is true and beautiful in Kerala’s unique culture. The processions of the Palliyodams or the sacred boats as well as their races are conducted along the channel by the south bank. The best place to enjoy the spectacle is the north bank where one can move around freely, mixing with the festive crowd. The Palliyodams of each village, bedecked with rich ornamentations resembling the traditional Kerala caparisons on elephant’s trunks, is hauled on to Pampa before the day break by men who had come to the bank after their morning worship in temples. At the arrival of the auspicious hour, which is decided in advance after consultation with the astrologer, the boat men climb on to the sacred boats. With rhythmic movements of their oars and devotional songs, they row the boats to the venue of the regatta. By noon, over 30 palliyodams will have assembled on the expanse of the river facing the Parthasarathy Temple at Aranmula. The air rents with the singing of the ‘Kuchelavritham Vanchipattu’, a devotional song written by Ramapurathu Warrier. The oarsmen move their oars with a graceful flourish to suit the rhythm of the song. Each man on the Palliyodam will be attired in silk-laced white dhoti with a matching towel wound around his head and his temple and bare chest will be smeared with sandal paste.

The music and the graceful movements of so many palliyodams on the Pampa transport the spectator to a dream-like experience. Even the leaves fluttering in the wind and the ripples of the river seem to be charged with a strange music. The spirit of Onam and the pristine charm and simplicity of Kerala culture are brought out by this king of all regattas. This famous boat race is conducted in connection with a legend associated with the temple at Aranmula

THE VIJNANA KALA VEDI CULTURAL CENTER: It is 12 km away from Changanacherry. It was founded by a French Scholar, Louba Schild under the Indo-French Cultural Exchange Programme. It was started with UNESCO aid. This cultural centre offers residential training courses in Katha Kali, Mohiniyattam, Bharata Natyam, Carnatic Vocal Music, Painting, Kalarippayattu, Wood Carving, Percussion Instruments, Ayurvedic Treatment, Religion, Mythology etc. Details can be had from the Director, Vijnana Kalavedi Cultural Centre, Aranmula, Kerala. Click here for more details

KOZHANCHERRY: It is situated 13 km from Pathanamthitta on the banks of the river Pamba. The place is famous for the MARAMON CONVENTION, the biggest religious gathering of Christians in Asia, held in February-March on the banks of the river Pamba. Christians from all over India assemble here to listen to the gospels read and expounded by scholars of Christianity drawn from India and abroad.

SABARIMALA: This well-known pilgrim centre is in the rugged terrains of the Western Ghats. The holy shrine, situated atop the Sabarimala, is dedicated to LORD AYYAPPA. It attracts millions of pilgrims from far and near. The 5 km stretch from Pamba to the shrine can only be reached by trekking. The main pilgrimage season is November to January.

KOLLAM (QUILON)

KOLLAM (QUILON)

Steeped in history, KOLLAM, the headquarters of the district, is an ancient centre of trade and commerce. It is a major centre of marine products and cashew industry in the state. The port of Neendakara on the Arabian cost is the centre for trawlers and ice plants. Kollam is located 70 km north of Thiruvananthapuram on NH 47 and easily accessible by road or rail.

PALCES OF INTEREST IN AND AROUND KOLLAM

THANGASSERY:

Thangassery in the town is a place of historical importance. The ruins of the DUTCH / PORTUGUESE FORT and some18th century Churches are sights worth to see here. The three km long Thangassery beach has a lighthouse.

ADVENTURE PARK

The Adventure Park, next to the Government GuestHouse in the town, is a delightful spot for children. The District Tourism Promotion Council conducts backwater cruises from here.

THIRUMULLAVARAM BEACH

The beach, 6 km north of the town,is a calm and eautiful beach ideal for swimming or bathing in the sun.

SASTHAMKOTTAH LAKE

On the bank of the river Kallada, Sasthamkottah is about 30 km from Kollam. The lake here is the largest fresh Water Lake in the state.

PALARUVI WATERFALLS

It is nearby Aryankavu on the way from Punalur to Chenkottah and close to the Kerala –Tamilnadu border. It is a very fascinating waterfall at a height of 300 feet. The waterfalls are called Palaruvi because the falls, which falls steeply down into a pool, just looks like flowing milk. This pristine spot is refreshing and ideal for swimming and bathing.

BACKWATER CRUISE

Kerala is quite unique with its vast network of lagoons, lakes, rivers and canals. These backwaters are both the basis of a distinct life style and a fascinating thoroughfare. Travelling by boat along the backwaters is one of the highlights of a visit to the state. Kollam is the gateway to Kerala’s beautiful backwaters. The eight-hour backwater cruise between kollam and Alappuzha, which passes through palm-fringed lakes studded with the popular Chinese Fishing Nets, canals and water-bound villages, offers an unforgettable sight. There are tourist cruises organised for the tourists.

OTHER PLACES OF ATTRACTION

The shrine of ‘Our Lady of Velamkanni’ in Kollam town, The Parabrahma Temple at Ochira, the Matha Amrithanandamai Ashram near Karunagappaly etc.

Varkala

Varkala is the new found Kovalm in Kerala.An excellent beach with an absolutely different lanscape for a beach town , Varkala is better than Kovalam if it is sun and sand that you are looking for.A coastal town in the state of Kerala, 51 km north of Thiruvananthapuram city.

Varkala is the only place in south Kerala where one can find cliffs just adjacent to the Arabian sea. These sedimentary and laterite cliffs are a unique geological feature in the otherwise flat Kerala coast.There are numerous water spouts and spas on the sides of the cliffs.
Varkala is also famous for its 2,000 year old Janardanaswamy temple, which is an important Vaishnavaite shrine in India and is referred to as Dakshin Kashi (Benares of the south). The temple is located close to the Papanasam beach is popular among the keralites.

Another major landmark in Varkala is the Sivagiri Mutt, established by the great social reformer Sree Narayana Guru. The hill-top mausoleum of Sree Narayana Guru, also located there, is one of the most famous buildings in Kerala.

Thiruvananthapuram

Also known as Tiruvananthapuram, the capital of the state of Kerala is surrounded by hills of coconut palms. Tiruvananthapuram literally means the 'Holy city of Ananta' and is a city of buildings of ancient and modern Architecture.

Sightseeing at Trivandrum:–
Padmanabhaswami Temple: The temple is located inside the east Fort. Dedicated to God Vishnu, the temple is the blend of the Kerala and Dravidian styles of architecture. It is well known for its mural paintings and stone carvings. One among the 108 sacred Vishnu temples in India, the presiding deity in here is God Vishnu reclining on Anantha the divine serpent.

Shankhumugham Beach: Eight kms from the city, this is a favorite haunt of sunset watchers. The beach is beautiful and adjacent to the Veli Tourist Village.

The Napier Museum: Built in the 19th century, the Indo - saracenic structure houses a rare collection of archaeological and historic artifacts, bronze idols, ancient ornaments, a temple chariot and ivory carvings.

Kovalam: Kovalam is 16 kms away from Tiruvananthapuram, Kerala's capital city. Kovalam is one of the most sought after beaches in the whole world of tourism. Today Kovalam beach is known as the "Paradise of the South". It consists of a number of small, palm fringed bays separated by Rocky Headlands. Kovalam is endowed with unusual beauty. The sheltered beach is ideal for sea bathing and is safe even during the toughest weather. The scenery around is enchanting and the drive to the beach through palm groups, refreshing.

THIRUVANANTHAPURAM CITY

Also known by the names Trivandrum and Ananthapuri, Thiruvananthapuram is a well- known pilgrim centre. This ancient city is a prosperous place for trade and commerce, a meeting point of various religions, scholastic and artistic ability, a land of educational, devotional and martial training and also a place of scenic beauty. The city gives a towering example of communal harmony with a good number of temples, churches and mosques located close to one another. At Palayam in the city, the famous St. Joseph’s Cathedral, the Juma Masjid and the Ganapathy temple stand very close to one another quite symbolic of the communal harmony.

The Sree Padmanabha Swamy temple surrounded by fort walls is seen standing like a jewel in the heart of the city. The cultural heritage of the city began with the shifting of the capital of the erstwhile Travancore state from Padmanabhapuram to Thiruvananthapuram during the reign of Mathanda Varma Maharaja. Many artistes got royal patronage during this period. The Natakasala Mughappu of the Sree Padmanabha Swamy temple where cultural programmes are performed even today was constructed during this period. All sorts of cultural programmes and skills were conducted and encouraged during the Alpasi and Painkuni festivals of the temple. The major contributions to art and literature were seen during the reign of Karthika Thirunal Maharaja who ruled Travancore for 40 years. He was a great patron of art and literature. The honour of taking the cultural heritage of Travancore to great heights goes to Maharaja Swathy Thirunal. He was also a great patron of art and literature. His court was adorned by noted dancers from Tajavore and eminet artistes, including the great composer Erayimman Thampy. The king wrote more than 400 compositions in various languages. The Navaratri Mandapam concerts conducted in connection with the Navaratri puja festival even today was started during his days. The state witnessed a great leap forward during the reign of its last ruler, Sri Chithira Thirunal Balarama Varma. The Temple Entry Proclamation issued by him on 12^th November 1936 was a great event in history, which not only allowed temple entry to all Hindus irrespective of castes, but also was a harbinger of great social revolution. The cultural scenario got a morale boost with the setting up of the Travancore Broadcasting Centre. It was later transformed as Trivandrum Station of All India Radio. A Medical College, the Sri Chitra Vanchi Poor Fund (a shelter for the poor orphans), an Art Gallery, an Aerodrome, an Aquarium, the Sri Swathy Thirunal Music Academy, the Travancore University (later named as the Kerala University)etc were all started during his reign. The city owes a great deal to the royal family of Travancore for the selfless services rendered for the propagation of art and culture.

SRI PADMANABHASWAMY TEMPLE

A famous pilgrimage centre and one of the major attractions in Thiruvananthapuram city. It was the Maharaja of Travancore who built this famous temple with its seven-storey carved gopuram in the Dravidian style in 1733. There are innumerable pillars, intricate carvings and mural paintings of natural pigments. The temple is dedicated to Vishnu who reclines on the sacred serpent Ananda. The image of Vishnu is 18 feet long and a lotus grows from Vishnu’s navel and Brahma is seen in the lotus. Several art forms like Krishnanattam, Koodiyattom, Pavakkoothu, Nokkuvidya, Velakali, Kathakali etc. thrived under the patronage of Sree Padmanabha Swamy Temple.

THE GOVERNMENT ART MUSEUM (NAPIER MUSEUM)

It is an absolute gem of architectural exuberance, combining traditional Kerala styles with good doses of Chinese and Mughal influences. The 19th century English architect, Chisholm, threw in a few touches ended up with a building that is guaranteed to leave you smiling at its electric charm.

The interior is every bit as intriguing as the exterior with pink and bobby blue stripes alternating with stripes of yellow and cherry red, scalloped arches of a banana yellow, elaborately carved balconies, the whole, linked together with red and white lattice work and mock friezes. The collections are as varied and electric as the building and you will spend a pleasant few hours browsing through them. Make sure to have the keeper explain the unique natural air-conditioning system.

SRI CHITRA ART GALLERY

Next to the museum, this is in a smaller, traditional building. It houses the collections of the Travancore ruling family, and included an interesting assortment of turn-of-the-century Bengali school paintings, Rajasthani and Mughal miniatures.

Tanjore paintings, and a selection of works by a Russian emigrant, Svetosku Roerich and by Kerala's favorite artist son, Raja Ravi Varma. The latter's works include a number of portraits of maharajahs and their families, British residents and distinguished individuals, and by studying their faces one gets a glimpse of a part of Kerala history.

KANAKAKKUNNU PALACE

Situated on a hillock in the Museum compound, this beautiful old palace of the Travancore Rajas is a stunning piece of architectural excellence. At night when the palace grounds are lit by garden lamps, the gabled, pagoda style red brick structure comes alive, bringing to mind the royal majesty of the kings who once inhabited its mighty interiors. Inside one can see large crystal chandeliers and exquisite pieces of royal furniture.

THE ZOOLOGICAL GARDENS

The Zoological Gardens around the Zoo and the Sri Chitra Art Gallery is the best designed in Asia. It has woodland and well-maintained beautiful lawns and park.

KUTHIRAMALIKA

This palace was built by eminent sculptors from Tanjore. Single stone carved pillars and beautifully designed roofs give more attraction to the palace. On the southern portion of the palace, there is a beautiful monument of 122 horses which gets ready to jump towards the south. Thus the palace got the name Kuthiramalika. Swords,guns etc. of olden days are also exhibited here. 'Dantasimhasana' is the most prominent attraction in this palace.

THE ZOO

This Zoo, situated in the heart of the city, is one of the best maintained zoos in the whole of Asia.

OBSERVATORY

The Observatory in the city situated 60 meters above sea level atop a hill is one of the oldest in India. It started functioning during the reign of Maharaja Sri Chithira Thirunal. A Meteorological Station is also housed here. From the Observatory Compound, a bird’s eye view of the city can be had.

SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY MUSEUM

It is an esthetically erected ultra modern Science &Technology Museum in the city.The Museum with its PLANETARIUM is of high educative value catering to the needs of the students of Science & Technology.

LORD GANAPATHY TEMPLE

It is one of the most popular shrines in the city near Sri PadmanabhaSwamy Temple at East Fort.

CVN KALARI SANGHAM

It is near the East Fort. This famous Kalari was established in 1956 for the revival of KLARIPPAYATT, the traditional martial art form of Kerala. Training sessions and exercises in Kalarippayatt, Ayurvedic diagnosis and treatment etc. are available at the centre.

VELI LAGOON (TOURIST VILLAGE)

The Veli Tourist Village on the outskirts of the city is a delightful water front park. With its gardens, exquisite sculptures, floating bridge and a wide range of aqua sports facilities, Veli is an ideal picnic spot.

AKKULAM BOAT CLUB

The Akkulam Boat Club in the outskirts of the city is a popular retreat. There is a very large Children’s Park. Boating facilities are also available.

SHANGUMUGHAM BEACH

A beautiful beach ideal for a retreat. It is near to the airport in the city.

Kowdiar Palace, Kerala Legislative Assembly Buildings and the Secretariat, VJT Hall etc. are other attractions in the city.

KOVALAM

This internationally famous beach is just 16 Km south of the city. It is an ideal spot for sun bath on the silver sands. The sea coast is a silvery sand bordered on one side by the azure blue waters of the sea and on the other side by a never ending spread of green palm groves. The beach consists of two palm-fringed coves- the Light House Beach and the Hauwa beach, which are seaprated by rocky headlands. Kovalam is a sheltered natural bay for a cool and refreshing swim in the sea. It is one of the most popular tourist resorts in the world. It is no wonder that crowds of tourists throng this famous beach. Surfboards and boogie boards are available for rent. There are a number of Ayurvedic centers offering traditional Ayurvedic oil massage and other treatments.

Kovalam is easily accessible by road from Thiruvananthapuram. Buses are frequently available. Good accommodation is also available.

PONMUDI

Ponmudi is a popular hill resort, 60 km away from Thiruvananthapuram. A journey to Ponmudi is quite exciting and provides glimpses of the rugged village life. A walk along the wooded hills and valleys is quite exciting. There is a deer park nearby

NEYYAR DAM & WILDLIFE SANCTUARY

Notified as a wildlife sanctuary, the Neyyar Wildlife Sanctuary is just 30 km from Thiruvananthapuram. This sanctuary covering an area of about 128 sq. km forms the cattchment area of the Neyyar DAM. With a rugged topography of meadows and slopes, altitudes ranging from 90 to 1800 meters above sea level, the sanctuary is contiguous with the Kalakkadu Tiger Reserve and Mundanthurai Wildlife Sanctuary in TamilNadu. The famous Agasthyamala and the Meenmutty falls form part of this sanctuary.

The sanctuary has a remarkable diversity of vegetation. There are over 1000 species of flowering plants, including some of the best orchids in the world. The faunal diversity is rich and fascinating. The endangered primates, the lion-tailed macaque and the Nilgiri languor share the ever green forest. Other animals like bonnet macaque and giant squirrels are seen here. Elephants, Sambhar deer, gaur, barking deer, mouse deer and wild boar.

There is a Lion Safari Park spanning an area of four hectares. A Crocodile Farm was established in 1977. Boats can be hired to explore the shores of the sanctuary. Kerala Tourism Development Corporation organizes (KTDC) tours to Neyyar Dam.

PEPPARA DAM & WILDLIFE SANCTUARY

Near the Ponmudi Hills and 50 km from Thiruvananthapuram. Spread over an area of 53 sq. km. this picturesque spot with its rich fauna and birds is dear to Ornithologists as it provides good bird watching.

KOYIKKAL PALACE

Located 18 km from Trivandrum on the way to Ponmudi hillstation and the Kuttalam waterfalls, this ancient place that dates back to the 15th century, is famous in the history of Kerala as the official residence of Perakom Thavazhi (the maternal lineage), especially of Umayamma Rani of the Venad royal family. Here you can see a double storeyed traditional Nalukettu building with slanting gabled roofs, an inner courtyard and two museums of folklore and numismatics set up by the Department of Archaeology.

PADMANABHAPURAM PALACE

Padmanabhapuram is 60 km south-east of Thiruvananthapuram. It had been once the seat of the rulers of the princely state of Travancore. Now it has become part of the Kanyakumari district of Tamil Nadu after the re-organization of the states in India in 1956. The palace is an architectural marvel of teakwood and Granite of the 16^th century. Intricately carved rosewood chairs, screens, ceilings, banqueting halls, audience chamber, women’s chambers, galleries etc.add magnifience and splendour to this famous palace

VARKALA

It is a beautiful beach resort and pilgrim centre 40 km north of Thiruvananthapuarm. SIVAGIRI MUTT here devoted to SRI NARAYANA GURU who preached 'One caste, One religion, one God for man' is a pilgrim center for the Guru's followers. There are YOGA and MASSAGE centres offering traditional Ayurvedic and Swedish massage and Swedish Massage techniques.

KANYAKUMARI

Kanya Kumari (also known as Cape Comorin), about 90 km south of Thiruvananhapuram, is the southernmost tip of the Indian sub-continent where the Indian Ocean, the Bay of Bengal and the Arabian sea mate together. Once it had been part of the erstwhile Travancore state. After the re-organization of the states in India in 1956, it became part of the Kanyakumari district of Tamilnadu.

Kanyakumari is a very famous tourist and pilgrim centre. The famous shrine of the goddess DEVI KANYA, Gandhi Memorial, Vivekananda Memorial built on the rocky islands are tourist attractions.

The Temple at Suchinram, 13 km north- west on the rail /road route from Kanya- Kumari to Thiruvananthapuram, is an important place of worship. The temple with its large entrance Gopuram is quite magnificent. There are pillared Halls all around the inner Sanctum where there is the triple image of the Lords Shiva, Brahma and Vishnu. The 10-day annual chariot festival is famous.